Counterpiston motor



-Jan. 8, 1929. 1,698,598

H. a. KiJssNER COUNTER PISTON MOTOR Filed April 5, 1928 2 Sheets-Shaft 2 Patented Jan. 8, 1929.

UNITED STATES HANS enone KU'SSNER, or eRpNAU, erman counrnnrrsron Moron.

Application filed April 5, 1928, Serial No. 267,617, and in Germany April 4, 1927.

Numerous proposals relating to counterpiston motors have already been made, and motors of this type with open cylinder liners have become known, the pistons of which either turn each a shaft-pertaining solely to it, there being, therefore, two shafts which are located at the ends of said liners, or the pistons of which turn one shaft in common with the aid of rods and oscillating levers, 1 that'one shaft being either at one end of the motor, as in the German Patent 287,367, or being arranged laterally from, and parallel to the axis of, the motor, as in the British Patent 97 /1900. The proposal also has been made to' arrange that one shaft in the middle of the cylinder enclosing the two pistons, viz, in a separate recess, provided in the cylinder for that purpose, asis the case in the British Patent 3,720/1900. All these known motors sufier from the drawback that they are too heavy and require too much space and are, therefore, not suited for light vehicles, such as motor cars and fiying machines. The object of the present invention is to do away with those drawbacks, and I attain the purpose in view by the new arrangement and combination of parts shown diagrammatically and by way of example on the accompanying drawing-on which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a counterpiston motor designed according to this invention, Figure 2 is another longitudinal section on the plane AB of Fig. 1, and Figure 3 is a cross-section in the plane C-D of Fig. 1. Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of'the sect-ional'shaft and radial interlocking bolts, and Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view of the shaft on line I-K of Figure 4.

' On the drawin 2 denotes a cylinder liner. which is open at 0th ends and in which are enclosed four pistons a, b, c, d, of which a and c, as well as. b and d, are rigidly connected with one another. The pistons forming a pair are connected with each other by two rods" k, or Z respectively, and there are, thus, four piston rods. The cross sectional shape of each of these rods may be a quadrant ofa circle and the four rods may-be s'o arrangedwith respect to each other as to form a complete circular sectional rod. The rods connecting the pistons a and c diametrically opposite to each other and pass through stufiing boxese provided in the piston. b and being formed in the usualconventional manner. In

the same manner the rods pertaining to the pistons b and d pass through stufling boxes provided in the piston c. All piston rods are bored through axially to provide passages f (Fig.3) and are supplied with cooling oil for m the piston through extensible pipes f sliding in said passages. 1 v

The open liner or cylinder is provided with four-rows of slots 8 which are open in the dead-centre position of the pistons, as shown L in Fig. 2, and serve in known manner for the escape of the combustion residues and for the entrance of the scavenging air.

The motor is a two-stroke cycle motor.

There are three working spaces in each cylinder and the entire length of the liner is used as combustion space. There is only active" material in this motor. To the outer pistons a and d are attached crosshead beams g, to each of which are pivoted four connectingrods pwhich turn by means of eccentrics two shafts w supported laterally from the cylinder only slightly remote from the axis of the same, as shown in Fig. 1-. The eccentrics run on anti-friction balls in their appertaining rings and their di; mension in axial direction is so moderate that they all can move past one another. Muchspace is saved by this provision, and a closed power-transmitting path is established from the pistons over the, crosshead beams and the connecting rods to the shaft, and neither the motor. casing is, nor the cylinders are, subject to a strain worth mentioning. The motor casing can, therefore, be very light. The con-. necting rods are subjected to tensile strain by the ignition pressures of two of the working spaces, as appears from the lower part of Fig. 2, but are subjected to compressive strain only by the pressure of one of the working spaces,

as appears from the upper part of Fig. 2. As

the tensile strength is always greater than the compressive strengththe material of the. connectingrods is utilized in a very. favorable manner. 7

The eccentric-bearing shafts w consist of as many sections as the motor has cylinders, and these sections, are coupled with each other by radial bolts located in the joints between said sections. A common bolt m located in '105 the axis of the-shaft sections keeps them all together whereby'they are securely and reliably connected with each other.

The shafts bearing the eccentrics carry also, at their ends, as well as in the m ddl 110 cylinder,

equally large cog-wheels 1' which mesh with each other and turn both speed.

.' I claim:

1. In an engine of the class ,described,'a a pair of parallel shafts laterally shafts with uniform disposed adjacent to the cylinder and on opin the cylinder,

therebetween.

shafts; pairs. of opposed 2. In an engine of the class describecL-a cylinder, :1 pair. of shafts equidista'ntly disposed adjacent said cylinder at opposite sides thereof, driving connections between said eccentric driving discs fixed to said shafts in opposing relation to each other, the eccentric of one pair on one shaft being in the same plane as the opposing eccentric of another pair on the i other shaft,xand operative connections between the pistons and the eccentrics whereby the driving forces from the pistons are delivered to the shafts in opposite directions at substantially opposite points equidistant from the axes of the shafts.

" position pistons and said eccentrics.

3. In an engine of cylinder open at its 0 posite ends, opposing pistons within said cy inder, a pair of shafts disposed laterally with respect to the axis of the cylinder, said shafts being composed of aplurality of complemental interlocking sections, securing means for holding said shaft sections together,'-pairs of oppositely disposed eccentric driving members secured to said shaft sections, the eccentrics of each pair on one shaft being disposed in the same plane as the opposing eccentrics on the other shaft, and driving connections" between the 4,. In an engine of the class described, a plurality of driving units, each unit consisting of a c linde'r, apair of laterally disposed parallel shafts arranged adjacent thecylinder at opposite sides thereof, two pairs of opposing driving eccentrics arran ed on each shaft. at opposite sides ofthe cy linder, the eccentrics of each pair being arranged in oprelation to each other, pistons wit 1n the cylinders, crossheads connected to the istons, and a pair of connecting members tween the crossheads and each group of eccentrics.

5. In an engine of'the class described, a

cylinder, groups of pistons within the cylinder, sectional shafts connecting the alternate pistons of the group together, crossheads for the exterior pistons of the group, a laterally cylinder, a geared parallel shafts adjacent said cylinthe class described, a

'ially arranged piston rods connectin disposed shaft adjacent the cylinder, a pair.

of opposed eccentric members on the shaft on each side of the cylinder, and connecting members between the crossheads and the. ec-

centric members whereby the force from the pistons will be delivered to the shaft in opposing directions at opposite sides of the axis.

6. In an pair of laterally disposed interders, supporting means for the shafts and cylinder, der, necting the alternate pistons of the groupiegether,"apair of opposed eccentric mem ers disposed cylinder, the eccentrics of one pair on one shaft on one side of the cylinder being in the same plane as the opposing eccentrics on the other shaft on the same side of the c linder, and drivin connections between t e outside pistons o the group and the oc-- centrics whereby the forces from the pistons will be delivered to the shaft in opposite directions on opposite sides of its axis.

tons to the shafts.

motor, a combina- 8. In a counter-piston therein, a air of tion' of cylinders, pistons intergeared ranged equally remote from the cylinder axis laterally and cylinder, each of said shafts consisting of a plurality of sections, radial bolts for 'establishing driving relations between the sections, an axially arranged bolt extending through the sections to secure them together, and means for transmitting power from the pistons to the shafts, in opposing directions at opposite sides of the axes 'of said shafts.

9. In a counter-piston motor, open at both ends, four pistons therein, ainfirst and third pistons and the second and fourth pistons together, said pistons formin three working spaces, ports through the cylinder to admit an explosive mixture to the working spaces, exhaust ports for discharg-' ing the s ent gases from the workingspaces, crosshea s for the first and fourth pistons, 11 pair of laterally disposed shafts adjacent the cylinder and; intermediate the ends of, a pair of opposin driving eccentrics on each shaft on each si e of the cylinder, one

engine of the class described, a

7 In a counter-piston motor, a combination of cylinders, pistons therein, a pair of said shafts consisting of a 'ntermediate the ends of the groups of pistons within the cylinaxially located sectional piston rods conon each shaft on each side of the I eccentric bearingsha s ar-' a cylinder therewith the opposing eccentric of a air on the I other shaft, and connecting means etween the crossheads and the eccentricsfor delivering power in opposite directions to the opposing Y eccentrics whereby all the forces except the turning force to the shafts are substantially neutralized. I

10. In an engine of theclass described, an open ended cylinder, pistons within the cylinder working in opposite directions, means for admitting gases to the cylinder, means for exhausting the gases from the cylinder, a

shaft transversely arranged adjacent the cylinder intermediate the ends thereof, a pair of eccentric members arranged on said shaft in opposing relation, and driving means be tween each of the pistons and one of the eccentrics whereby the driving forces are transmitted equally to the shaft in opposite directions on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis thereof to effect the neutralization of lateral forces on the shaft.

11. In an engine of the class described, a cylinder, a pair of opposed working pistons therein, crosshead connections to the pistons, transverse shafts arranged adjacent the cylinder at opposite sides thereof, and opposing driving connections between the crossheads on said shafts whereby the forces from the pistons will be delivered to the shafts in opposite directions at points substantially equidistant from the axes of said shaftsand on opposite sides thereof.

12. In an engine of the class described, cylinders, opposed pistons within said cylinders, laterally disposed sectional shafts arranged adjacent the cylinders and intermediate the ends thereof, each section including two pairs of oppositely disposed eccentric driving members adapted when in position to lie on either side of the cylinders, connecting members between the pistons and the driving members whereby the forces from the opposing pistons within the cylinders are thereby delivered to the shaft in opposite directions on opposite sides of the axis thereof to neut'ralize any lateral stresses on the shafts, and

interlocking connections between the sections of the shafts.

13. In an engine of the class described,

cylinders, opposing pistons within the cylin- V ders, a plurality of shafts operatively connected to certain of said pistons and slidable through other of said pistons, the shafts together forming a segmental cylindrical shaft located axially; within the cylinder and pis-.

tons, a sectional driving shaft arranged adj acent the cylinders laterally thereof, each of the sections of the shaft comprising a hollow- 'by the opposing forces from the pistons will be delivered to the shafts in opposite directions at opposite sides of the axes thereof, interlocking connections between-the shaft sections, and a common tie bolt extending through the hollow portions to secure the sections together. k

14. In an opposed engine of the class described, 'a cylinder, opposing pistons within the cylinder, a sectional shaft, eccentric driving members arranged on the shaft in opposing relation, driving connections between the pistons and the driving members whereby the opposing forces from the pistons will bedelivered to the shaft in opposing directions at opposite sides of the axis of the shaft, said shaft being composed of a plurality of hol low complemental sections, interlocking radial bolts between each of, the sections, and a common tie bolt for securing all of the sections together occupying the hollow spaces in .the sections.

15. In a counter-piston motor, a cylinder, opposed pistons within the cylinder, a shaft laterally disposed adjacent the cylinder intermediate of the ends thereof, opposed eccentric members secured on said shaft, driving connections between the pistons'and the eccentrics whereby the opposed forces from the pistons will be delivered .to the shaft in opposite directions on opposite sides of the shaft to neutralize lateral stresses on the shafts, and anti-friction bearing members between the driving members and the eccentrics.

16. In an opposed engine of the class described, a casing, a cylinder carried thereby, said cylinder having a plurality of opposed working pistons therein, a pair of laterally disposed shafts arranged in the casing adjacent the cylinder intermediate its ends, each of said shafts being provided with a pair of opposed driving eccentric members, and driving connections between the pistons and the eccentric members whereby the stresses from the pistons will be delivered to the shafts in points equidistant from and at opposite sides of their axis.

. In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HANS GEORG KnssNER. 

